分布式光伏發電特指在用戶場地附近建設，運行方式以用戶側自發自用、多余電量上網，且在配電系統平衡調節為特征的光伏發電設施。下面來了解下，分布式光伏發電的形式、場合及使用地點。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation specifically refers to a photovoltaic power generation facility built near the user's site, operating in a way that is characterized by spontaneous self use on the user's side, excess electricity connected to the grid, and balanced adjustment in the distribution system. Let's take a look at the forms, occasions, and usage locations of distributed photovoltaic power generation.

1、分布式光伏發電有哪些應用形式？

1. What are the application forms of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

分布式光伏發電包括并網型、離網型及多能互補微網等應用形式，并網型分布式發電多應用于用戶附近，一般與中、低壓配電網并網運行，自發自用，不能發電或電力不足時從電網上購電，電力多余時向網上售電。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation includes application forms such as grid connected, off grid, and multi energy complementary microgrids. Grid connected distributed power generation is mostly applied near users and generally operates in parallel with medium and low voltage distribution networks. It is self used and cannot generate electricity or purchases electricity from the grid when there is insufficient electricity, and sells electricity online when there is excess electricity.

離網型分布式光伏發電多應用于邊遠地區和海島地區，它不與大電網連接，利用自身的發電系統和儲能系統直接向負荷供電。

Off grid distributed photovoltaic power generation is mostly used in remote and island areas. It is not connected to the large power grid and uses its own power generation and energy storage system to directly supply power to the load.

分布式光伏系統還可以與其它發電方式組成多能互補微電系統，如水、風、光等，既可以作為微電網獨立運行，也可以并入電網聯網運行。

Distributed photovoltaic systems can also form multi energy complementary micro electric systems with other power generation methods, such as water, wind, light, etc. They can operate independently as microgrids or be integrated into the grid for network operation.

2、分布式光伏發電適用于哪些場合？

2. What are the applications of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

分布式光伏發電系統的適用場合可分為兩大類：

The applicability of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into two categories:

一是可在全國各類建筑物和公共設施上推廣，形成分布式建筑光伏發電系統，利用當地各類建筑物和公共設施建立分布式發電系統，滿足電力用戶的部分用電需求，為高耗能企業提供生產用電。

Firstly, it can be promoted on various buildings and public facilities nationwide, forming a distributed building photovoltaic power generation system. By utilizing various local buildings and public facilities, a distributed power generation system can be established to meet the partial electricity demand of power users and provide production electricity for high energy consuming enterprises.

二是可在偏遠地區海島等少電無電地區推廣，形成離網發電系統或微電網，由于經濟發展水平的差距原因，我國仍有部分偏遠地區的人口沒有解決基本用電問題。

Secondly, it can be promoted in remote areas such as islands with low electricity and no electricity, forming off grid power generation systems or microgrids. Due to the gap in economic development level, there are still some populations in remote areas in China who have not solved the basic electricity problem.

以往的農網工程大多依靠大電網的延申，小水電、小火電等供電，電網延伸困難非常大，且供電半徑過長，導致供電能質量較差，發展離網型分布式發電不僅可以解決處于無電少電地區居民基本用電問題，還可以清潔高效地利用當地的可在生能源，有效的解決了能源和環境之間的茅盾。

In the past, most rural power grid projects relied on the extension of the large power grid, small hydropower, small thermal power, and other power sources. The difficulty in extending the power grid was very large, and the power supply radius was too long, resulting in poor power supply quality. Developing off grid distributed generation not only solves the basic electricity consumption problem for residents in areas without electricity and low electricity, but also cleanly and efficiently utilizes local renewable energy, effectively solving the gap between energy and the environment.

3、哪些地點適合安裝分布式光伏發電系統？

3. Which locations are suitable for installing distributed photovoltaic power generation systems?

工業領域廠房：特別是在用電量比較大、網購電費比較貴的工廠，通常廠房屋頂面積很大，屋頂開闊平整，適合安裝光伏陣列并且由于用電負荷較大，分布式光伏并網系統可以做以就地消納，抵消一部分網購電量，從而節省用戶的電費。

Industrial plants: especially in plants with large power consumption and high online electricity purchase cost, the roof area of the plant is usually large, the roof is open and flat, which is suitable for installing Photovoltaic system. Due to the large power load, the distributed photovoltaic grid connected system can be used to consume locally, offset part of the online electricity purchase, so as to save users' electricity costs.

商業建筑：與工業園區的作用效果類似，不同之處在于商業建筑多為水泥屋頂，更有利與安裝光伏陣列，但是往往對建筑美觀性有要求，按照商廈、寫字樓、酒店、會議中心、度假村等服務業的特點，用戶負荷特性一般表現為白天較高，夜間較低，能夠較好的匹配光伏發電特性。

Commercial buildings: similar to the effect of industrial parks, the difference is that most commercial buildings are cement roofs, which are more favorable for the installation of Photovoltaic system, but often have requirements for architectural aesthetics. According to the characteristics of commercial buildings, office buildings, hotels, conference centers, resorts and other service industries, the user load characteristics are generally higher in the daytime and lower at night, which can better match the photovoltaic power generation characteristics.