1、 Electrical equipment installation preparation stage

施工之前組織參加施工的人員熟悉設計圖紙，明確工藝的流程。在工程的過程中，選派一名精通繼電保護、懂遠動、熟悉一次設備的復合型人員為工作負責人，來指揮協調施工全過程。準備工作應滿足以下條件：一是確定施工的任務，包括施工方案、施工技術交底記錄和安全交底記錄。二是施工現場一次設備安裝完畢，電纜溝電纜支架安裝完畢，現場設置好安全標示牌，做好安全措施。三是物資準備完成，產品安裝前，開箱檢查銘牌數據，產品外表應無損壞，還須對照清單查收零部件與攜帶的文件。四是標明電纜的編號、起始點、終點、型號準備好；編號管打印完成。五是在施工前開一次現場會議，講清工作任務、施工要求和有關注意事項。

Before construction, organize the construction personnel to be familiar with the design drawings and clarify the process flow. In the process of the project, a compound person who is proficient in relay protection, telecontrol and primary equipment shall be selected as the person in charge to command and coordinate the whole construction process. The preparation work shall meet the following conditions: first, determine the construction task, including the construction plan, construction technical disclosure records and safety disclosure records. Second, after the installation of primary equipment on the construction site and the installation of cable trench cable support, safety signs and safety measures shall be set up on the site. Third, after the preparation of materials and before the installation of products, the nameplate data shall be unpacked and checked. The appearance of the products shall be free of damage, and the parts and documents shall be checked against the list. Fourth, mark the number, starting point, end point and model of the cable; The numbering tube is printed. Fifth, hold a site meeting before construction to clarify the work tasks, construction requirements and relevant precautions.

二、電氣施工階段流程

2、 Electrical construction stage process

1、設備安裝

1. Equipment installation

設備安裝包括組件安裝、匯流箱的安裝、逆變器室設備安裝、升壓箱變安裝、站用箱變安裝、引出線高壓設備安裝、高壓柜安裝、戶外高壓設備安裝、二次設備安裝、監控設備安裝、消防報警系統安裝、安防監控系統安裝、辦公自動化設備安裝等。

Equipment installation includes component installation, combiner box installation, inverter room equipment installation, booster box transformer installation, station box transformer installation, outgoing line high-voltage equipment installation, high-voltage cabinet installation, outdoor high-voltage equipment installation, secondary equipment installation, monitoring equipment installation, fire alarm system installation, security monitoring system installation, office automation equipment installation, etc.

2、電纜敷設

2. Cable laying

負責人在電纜敷設前對二次圖和電纜清冊進行認真校核，科學制訂計劃，盡量減少敷設過程中的交叉穿越。敷設電纜，按照型號相同進行，每敷設一條，在電纜兩端掛其相對應的電纜牌，（根據經驗用標簽紙貼好后再用透明膠紙包裹或醫用膠布）。同時負責人負責檢查和記錄，防止漏放、錯放和重放。每條電纜兩端電纜牌要確保統一，電纜的兩端的設備一定要正確，并且電纜預留長度滿足接線要求即可，不宜過長或過短，造成浪費和帶來不必要的麻煩。在敷設過程中電纜應從電纜盤上端引出，不應使電纜在支架上及地面摩擦拖拉，注意水管口、支架、墻孔刮傷電纜，對電纜進行有效防護。電纜在電纜井和電纜溝支架上的固定，要統一綁扎材料，綁扎手法，確保電纜在溝內整齊美觀。敷設完畢后負責人盡快進行后復核，無誤后可清理電纜溝，蓋回電纜溝板，防止外力破壞電纜和減少施工現場的不安全因素。

The person in charge shall carefully check the secondary drawing and cable list before cable laying, and make a scientific plan to minimize crossing during the laying process. The cable shall be laid according to the same model. Each cable shall be hung with its corresponding cable tag at both ends of the cable (according to experience, it shall be pasted with label paper and then wrapped with transparent adhesive tape or medical adhesive tape). At the same time, the person in charge is responsible for checking and recording to prevent missing, misplacing and replaying. The cable labels at both ends of each cable should be unified, the equipment at both ends of the cable must be correct, and the reserved length of the cable should meet the wiring requirements, and should not be too long or too short, causing waste and unnecessary trouble. During the laying process, the cable shall be led out from the upper end of the cable reel. The cable shall not be dragged on the support and the ground by friction. Pay attention to scratching the cable at the water pipe mouth, support and wall hole to effectively protect the cable. The cable shall be fixed on the cable well and cable trench support with uniform binding materials and methods to ensure that the cable is neat and beautiful in the trench. After laying, the person in charge shall carry out the final review as soon as possible. The cable trench can be cleaned and the cable trench plate can be covered back to prevent external forces from damaging the cable and reducing unsafe factors at the construction site.

3、制作電纜頭

3. Make cable head

按照圖紙確定電纜的接線位置，按順序排好電纜，量好接線高度。剝電纜外皮和電纜頭屏蔽層焊接接地線的時候嚴防切傷、燙傷芯線，以至損壞絕緣。電纜頭要用長6cm、大小適中的熱縮管套住，且高度一致。

First, determine the wiring position of the cable according to the drawing, arrange the cables in order, and measure the wiring height. When peeling the cable sheath and the shield layer of the cable head to weld the ground wire, strictly prevent cutting and scalding the core wire, which may damage the insulation. The cable head shall be covered with a heat shrinkable tube with a length of 6cm and a moderate size, and the height shall be consistent.

4、接線

4. Wiring

確定電纜順序，剝除芯線部分絕緣層，接線完畢后套上編號管，后檢查、記錄。注意在校線時所有線芯必須與設備斷開，線芯之間無接觸。校線完畢插上編號管后注意其保護，一般將芯線頭彎曲，以防編號管丟失。盤柜、端子箱等電纜接線時，電纜牌和電纜的綁扎位置、方式、電纜芯彎曲路徑進行統一，接線應排列整齊，固定牢固，芯線應按垂直或水平有規律地配置，應從上到下順序排列，尼龍扎帶綁扎高度要一致，每個端子的一側接線宜為1根，不得超過2根。對于插接式端子，不同截面的兩根導線不得接在同一端子上。

Determine the cable sequence, peel off part of the insulation layer of the core wire, cover the numbering tube after wiring, and finally check and record. Note that all wire cores must be disconnected from the equipment and there is no contact between wire cores. Pay attention to the protection after inserting the number tube after the wire calibration. Generally, bend the core wire head to prevent the number tube from being lost. When wiring cables such as panels, cabinets, terminal boxes, etc., the binding position and method of cable tags and cables, and the bending path of cable cores shall be unified. The wiring shall be arranged neatly and firmly. The core wires shall be arranged vertically or horizontally in a regular manner, from top to bottom. The binding height of nylon straps shall be consistent. The wiring on one side of each terminal should be 1, not more than 2. For plug-in terminals, two conductors with different cross sections shall not be connected to the same terminal.

5、檢查恢復

5. Check recovery

接線完成后，將所有芯線從端子排上斷開進行一次校線，并隨校隨恢復，注意回路的接地，還要特別注意對CT、PT回路的緊線，確保CT回路無開路、PT回路無短路。通訊線屏蔽層可靠接地;各通訊端口可靠保護;交流電源接地正確。屏上各標簽框完整準確。任一元件應有明顯標識:控制保護屏上壓板、開關、指示燈及裝置名稱標簽;控制保護屏后空氣開關標簽;電度表屏上標簽;交流屏上空氣開關標簽;直流屏上空氣開關標簽框;各屏后端子排按單位做標識;在計算機通訊線的插頭上做標識標明用途。后做好盤柜等的電纜口封板、填堵防火型有機堵料和接地安裝。屏蔽接地線按一定長度編織，壓接線鼻大小適中且焊錫牢固，端部用熱縮管套好，盤柜間的連接要用多股軟銅線，并與地網可靠連接。

After the wiring is completed, disconnect all core wires from the terminal block for primary wiring calibration, and recover with the calibration. Pay attention to the grounding of the circuit, and pay special attention to the tightening of the CT and PT circuits to ensure that there is no open circuit in the CT circuit and no short circuit in the PT circuit. The shielding layer of communication line is reliably grounded; Reliable protection of all communication ports; The AC power supply is grounded correctly. Each label box on the screen is complete and accurate. Any element shall have obvious identification: pressing plate, switch, indicator light and device name label on the control protection screen; Air switch label behind control protection screen; Label on the watt-hour meter screen; Air switch label on AC screen; Air switch label box on DC screen; The terminal strip behind each screen shall be marked by unit; Mark the plug of the computer communication line to indicate the purpose. Finally, do a good job in the installation of cable opening sealing plate, fireproof organic plugging material and grounding. The shielded grounding wire shall be braided according to a certain length, the crimping nose shall be of moderate size and firmly soldered, the end shall be sleeved with heat-shrinkable pipe, and the connection between panels and cabinets shall be made of multi-strand flexible copper wire, and reliably connected with the grounding grid.

三、電氣調試

3、 Electrical commissioning

1、前期準備階段

1. Early preparation stage

應對整個站二次綜合自動化系統設備進行全面了解，包括綜合自動化裝置的安裝方式，控制保護屏、公用屏、電度表屏、交流屏、直流屏的數量和主要功能；了解一次主接線，各間隔實際位置及運行狀態；進行二次設備外觀檢查,主要有裝置外觀是否損壞，屏內元件是否完好，接線有無折斷、脫落等;檢查各屏電源接法是否準確無誤，無誤后對裝置逐一上電，注意觀察裝置反應是否正確,然后根據軟件組態查看、設置裝置地址；連好各設備之間通訊線,調試至所有裝置通訊正常，在后臺機可觀察裝置上送數據。

First of all, we should have a comprehensive understanding of the secondary integrated automation system equipment of the whole station, including the installation mode of integrated automation devices, the number and main functions of control protection screen, public screen, watt-hour meter screen, AC screen and DC screen; Understand the primary main wiring, the actual position and operation status of each interval; Conduct secondary equipment appearance inspection, mainly including whether the device appearance is damaged, whether the components in the screen are intact, and whether the wiring is broken or fallen off; Check whether the power connection method of each screen is correct. After that, power on the devices one by one, observe whether the device response is correct, and then check and set the device address according to the software configuration; Connect the communication lines between all devices, debug until all devices communicate normally, and observe the device sending data on the background computer.

2、調試階段

2. Commissioning stage

這個階段包括一次、二次系統的電纜連接、保護、監控等功能的全面校驗和調試。檢查調試一次、二次系統的電纜連接，主要有以下內容:

This stage includes comprehensive verification and commissioning of cable connection, protection, monitoring and other functions of primary and secondary systems. First, check and debug the cable connection of the primary and secondary systems, mainly including the following:

（1）開關控制回路的調試

(1) Commissioning of switch control circuit

給上直流屏控制電源、儲能電源或合閘電源,檢查一次開關側儲能電源或合閘電源保險是否合上，以免合閘時燒毀合閘線圈。合上裝置電源開關和控制回路開關，手動逐一分合斷路器,檢查控制回路、斷路器位置指示燈顏色是否正確，反應是否正常。如發現控制斷路器位置指示燈熄滅或紅綠燈全亮，要立即關閉控制直流電源,查找原因。應注意如果裝置跳合閘保持回路需要與斷路器操動機構跳合閘電流配合時,繼電器保持電流是否與斷路器控制回路實際電流值匹配。如果不匹配，當繼電器保持電流比實際電流小時，將燒毀跳合閘保持繼電器；當比實際電流大時,跳合閘不可靠或跳合不成功。

Power on the DC panel control power supply, energy storage power supply or closing power supply, and check whether the energy storage power supply or closing power supply fuse at the primary switch side is closed to avoid burning the closing coil when closing. Close the power switch and control circuit switch of the device, manually open and close the circuit breaker one by one, and check whether the color of the control circuit and the circuit breaker position indicator is correct and whether the reaction is normal. If the position indicator of the control circuit breaker is off or the traffic lights are all on, turn off the control DC power supply immediately and find out the cause. Attention should be paid to whether the relay holding current matches the actual current value of the circuit breaker control circuit if the device tripping and closing holding circuit needs to match the tripping and closing current of the circuit breaker operating mechanism. If it does not match, when the relay holding current is smaller than the actual current, the tripping and closing holding relay will be burned; When the current is greater than the actual current, the tripping and closing is not reliable or successful.

（2）斷路器本身信號和操動機構信號調試

(2) Circuit breaker signal and operating mechanism signal commissioning

A、彈簧操動機構

A. Spring operating mechanism

檢驗彈簧未儲能信號正確。彈簧未儲能信號應接在裝置的正確位置，且要求在未儲能時，接點閉合用以閉鎖線路重合閘。若正確，斷路器合上后裝置面板應有重合閘充電（達到裝置充電條件時）標志顯示。

Verify that the spring is not charged correctly. The spring without energy storage signal shall be connected to the correct position of the device, and the contact shall be closed to lock the line reclosure when the energy is not stored. If it is correct, after the circuit breaker is closed, the device panel shall be marked with reclosing charging (when the device charging condition is reached).

B、液壓操動機構

B. Hydraulic operating mechanism

檢驗壓力信號是否齊全，后臺機SOE事件名稱、時間顯示是否正確,報警應正確。

Check whether the pressure signal is complete, whether the background machine SOE event name and time display are correct, and whether the alarm should be correct.

C、SF6開關氣體壓力信號

C. SF6 switch gas pressure signal

應在后臺機上正確顯示SOE事件名稱、時間，報警正確。

The SOE event name and time shall be correctly displayed on the background machine, and the alarm shall be correct.

3、開關量狀態以及在后臺機上的顯示

3. Switch status and display on background computer

逐一拉合一次側斷路器、刀閘，查看后臺機SOE事件名稱、時間是否正確，斷路器、刀閘狀態顯示是否正確。若狀態與實際相反，是斷路器、刀閘輔助觸點常開、常閉接反。此時,可通過更改電纜接線或后臺機遙信量組態改正，但改后臺機遙信量特性組態“常開”為“常閉”時，在調度端也應做相應改動。

Pull and close the circuit breaker and knife switch at the primary side one by one, check whether the SOE event name and time of the background machine are correct, and whether the circuit breaker and knife switch status display is correct. If the status is contrary to the actual situation, the circuit breaker and the auxiliary contact of the knife switch are normally open and normally closed. At this time, it can be corrected by changing the cable wiring or the remote signaling configuration of the background machine, but when changing the remote signaling characteristic configuration of the background machine from "normally open" to "normally closed", corresponding changes should also be made at the dispatching end.

4、主變壓器本體信號的檢查

4. Inspection of main transformer body signal

（1）主變壓器本體瓦斯、溫度、壓力等信號在后臺機上顯示的SOE事件名稱、時間是否正確;重瓦斯信號、壓力信號應響電笛并跳主變各側斷路器,輕瓦斯、溫度高信號應響電鈴（無人職守變電站可以省去電笛、電鈴等報警系統）。

(1) Whether the SOE event name and time displayed by the gas, temperature, pressure and other signals of the main transformer body on the background machine are correct; The heavy gas signal and pressure signal shall ring the electric whistle and trip the circuit breaker at each side of the main transformer, and the light gas and high temperature signal shall ring the electric bell (the alarm system such as electric whistle and electric bell can be omitted in the unattended substation).

（2）查主變壓器分接頭檔位和調節分接頭過程在后臺機顯示是否正確。

(2) Check whether the tap position of the main transformer and the tap adjustment process are displayed correctly on the background computer.

（3）查變壓器溫度在后臺機顯示是否正確。一般主變壓器測溫電阻應有三根出線，一根接測溫電阻一端，另兩根共同接測溫電阻另一端用以補償從主變壓器到主控室電纜本身的電阻，提高測溫的精度。在測溫裝置上也應按此方式連接，否則測出的溫度不準，接錯時是小值。

(3) Check whether the transformer temperature is displayed correctly on the background computer. Generally, the temperature measuring resistance of the main transformer should have three outgoing lines, one is connected to one end of the temperature measuring resistance, and the other two are connected to the temperature measuring resistance together, and the other end is used to compensate the resistance of the cable itself from the main transformer to the main control room, so as to improve the temperature measuring accuracy. The temperature measuring device should also be connected in this way, otherwise the measured temperature is inaccurate, and it is the minimum value in case of wrong connection.

5、二次交流部分的檢查

5. Inspection of secondary exchange part

（1）用升流器在一次側對A、B、C三相分別加單相電流，對二次電流回路進行完整性檢查。不應開路或串到其他回路，有效值、相別應正確。在裝置面板查看保護電流回路數值、相別和測量回路電流數值、相別；在電度表屏用鉗型表測量計度電流，后在后臺機查看電流顯示。

(1) Apply single-phase current to three-phase A, B and C at the primary side with a current riser to check the integrity of the secondary current circuit. It shall not be open circuit or connected to other circuits, and the effective value and phase shall be correct. Check the protection current circuit value, phase and measurement circuit current value and phase on the device panel; Measure the metering current with a clamp meter on the watt-hour meter screen, and finally check the current display on the background computer.

（2）用調壓器在PT二次側A、B、C三相分別加單相電壓57V。注意觀察該母線段所有保護、測量、計量電壓回路應都有電壓，其他母線段設備無電壓，相別反映正確。用萬用表量電度表屏計度電壓，查看裝置面板、后臺機電壓顯示值是否正確。加三相電壓，用看計度、測量、保護電壓相序。啟動PT切換功能（電壓并列裝置），本電壓等級一、二段母線均應有正確電壓顯示，而其他母線段二次側無電壓。

(2) Use the voltage regulator to apply the single-phase voltage of 57V to the three phases A, B and C at the secondary side of PT. Pay attention to observe that all protection, measurement and metering voltage circuits of this bus section shall have voltage, and other bus section equipment shall have no voltage, and the phase response is correct. Use a multimeter to measure the voltage on the watt-hour meter screen and check whether the voltage displayed on the device panel and background machine is correct. Apply three-phase voltage, measure and protect the phase sequence of voltage. Start the PT switching function (voltage paralleling device). The first and second bus sections of this voltage level should have correct voltage display, while the secondary side of other bus sections has no voltage.

四、光伏陣列

4、 PV array

1.核實所有匯流箱的保險絲是否被取出，并且檢查匯流箱盒子的輸出端沒有電壓存在。

1. Check whether the fuses of all combiner boxes are taken out, and check that there is no voltage at the output end of the combiner box.

2.目測光伏組件和配電盤之間的任何插座和連接器是否處于正常工作狀態。

2. Visually check whether any socket and connector between PV module and distribution board are in normal working condition.

3.檢查電纜的無應力夾具是否安裝正確、牢固。

3. Check whether the stress-free clamp of the cable is installed correctly and firmly.

4.目測所有光伏組件是否完好無損。

4. Visually check whether all PV modules are intact.

5.檢查所有的線纜是否整齊、固定完好。

5. Check whether all cables are neat and fixed.

五、接地電阻的測試

5、 Test of grounding resistance

測量各接地體的接地電阻，箱（柜）體及金屬基礎等接地可靠。

Measure the grounding resistance of each grounding body. The box (cabinet) body and metal foundation are grounded reliably.

六、直流側檢測

6、 DC side detection

1.檢查每個光伏組件開路電壓是否正常（施工中進行）；

1. Check whether the open-circuit voltage of each PV module is normal (during construction);

2.檢查集線箱各組串輸入輸出電壓是否正常；

2. Check whether the input and output voltage of each string in the marshalling box is normal;

3.檢查逆變器輸入直流電壓是否正常；

3. Check whether the input DC voltage of the inverter is normal;

4.測量直流正負兩側對地電壓是否異常；

4. Measure whether the voltage to the ground on the positive and negative sides of the DC is abnormal;

七、監控系統調試

7、 Monitoring system commissioning

1.檢查各傳感設備接口、通訊線路連接是否正常；

1. Check whether the interface and communication line of each sensing equipment are connected normally;

2.檢查數據采集器和各類傳感器的電源線是否接好；

2. Check whether the power lines of the data collector and various sensors are properly connected;

3.檢查太陽輻射儀上罩蓋是否揭開；

3. Check whether the upper cover of the solar radiometer is opened;

4.檢查逆變器和負載檢測電能表的通訊接線是否正確；

4. Check whether the communication wiring of inverter and load detection electric energy meter is correct;

5.啟動監控系統，觀察各監測數據是否正常，如某些數據不能獲取，重啟監控系統和該傳感設備。

5. Start the monitoring system and observe whether the monitoring data are normal. If some data cannot be obtained, restart the monitoring system and the sensing equipment.

八、光伏項目試運行

8、 Photovoltaic project commissioning

1.調試時，對一臺逆變器進行并網操作；

1. During commissioning, first connect one inverter to the grid;

2.逐一并上其它逆變器，觀察啟動與工作狀態；

2. Connect other inverters one by one and observe the startup and working status;

3.啟動所有光伏子系統、控制回路、監控系統，觀察整個系統運行情況；

3. Start all photovoltaic subsystems, control loops and monitoring systems, and observe the operation of the whole system;

4.記錄系統運行數據（如發電量、日運行時間、故障記錄、設備溫度、氣象數據等）；

4. Record system operation data (such as power generation, daily operation time, fault record, equipment temperature, meteorological data, etc.);

5.試運行十五天，作全面數據記錄，用作分析和工程資料存檔。

5. Fifteen days of trial operation, make comprehensive data records for analysis and engineering data archiving.

九、系統測試試驗

9、 System test

1、檢查并確保光伏陣列完全被陽光照射并且沒有任何遮蔭。

1. Check and ensure that the PV array is completely exposed to the sun and free from any shade.

2、如果系統沒有運行，那么打開系統運行開關讓它運行15分鐘，然后再開始系統性能測試。

2. If the system is not running, turn on the system running switch and let it run for 15 minutes, and then start the system performance test.

3、用一種或兩種方法進行太陽輻射照度測試，并且將測試值記錄下來。用高輻射值除以1000瓦/平方米，得出的數據為輻射比。

3. Use one or two methods to test the solar irradiance, and record the test value. The highest radiation value is divided by 1000 W/m2, and the resulting data is the radiation ratio.

4、將光伏組件的輸出功率匯總記錄這些值，然后乘以0.7，就得到預期交流輸出的峰值。

4. Summarize and record these values of the output power of photovoltaic modules, and then multiply by 0.7 to get the peak value of the expected AC output.

5、通過逆變器或系統儀表記錄交流輸出，并將這個值記錄下來。

5. Record AC output through inverter or system instrument and record this value.

6、用交流測量功率值除以當時的輻射比值，將這個值記錄下來。這個“交流修正值”是光伏系統的額定輸出功率，他應該高于交流估算值的90％或者更多，如果低于交流估算值的90％，說明這個光伏系統有遮蔭、組件表面臟、連線錯誤、保險絲損壞、逆變器不能正常運行等問題。

6. Divide the AC measured power value by the current radiation ratio and record this value. This "AC corrected value" is the rated output power of the photovoltaic system, which should be higher than 90% or more of the AC estimated value. If it is lower than 90% of the AC estimated value, it indicates that the photovoltaic system has problems such as shading, dirty component surface, wiring error, fuse damage, and the inverter can not operate normally.

有了工商業屋頂光伏上面的小總結，希望對廣大客戶有所幫助，如果有什么不理解的或者尋求幫助的請點擊我們的網站：http://www.51dwgw.cn或者來電咨詢，我們會盡全力為您

With the summary above of industrial and commercial rooftop PV, I hope it can help our customers. If you have any questions or need help, please click our website: http://www.51dwgw.cn Or call to inquire, we will do our best for you