Stabilize cash flow and increase enterprise income

很多的工商業老板并未意識到，閑置的大面積屋頂是寶貴資源，特別是生產性企業屋頂少則幾千平多則幾萬平。如果在這些屋頂上都安裝上光伏電站，可以盤活企業固定資產，增加穩定的流，企業效益變得更好。

Many industrial and commercial bosses do not realize that the idle large area roof is a valuable resource, especially for productive enterprises, the roof is as few as thousands of square meters and as many as tens of thousands of square meters. If photovoltaic power stations are installed on these roofs, the fixed assets of enterprises can be revitalized, stable cash flow can be increased, and the benefits of enterprises will become better.

企業用電量大，峰值電費高，安裝光伏發電后，企業可以自發自用，余電上網。

Enterprises have large electricity consumption and high peak electricity charges. After photovoltaic power generation is installed, enterprises can spontaneously use their own electricity and use the remaining electricity online.

節省峰值電費，余電上網銷售

Save peak electricity charges and sell surplus electricity online

特別是高耗能的生產性企業，安裝光伏電站可以節省很多的電費支出，不僅可以省錢，還能賺錢。對于分厘必爭的生產性企業來說，光伏發電的收益率相比很多傳統生產企業高了很多，非常值得投資。。

Especially for productive enterprises with high energy consumption, the installation of photovoltaic power stations can save a lot of electricity costs, which can not only save money, but also make money. For the productive enterprises that must compete for every penny, the yield of photovoltaic power generation is much higher than that of many traditional production enterprises, which is very worthy of investment..

促進節能減排，產生良好的社會效益

Promote energy conservation and emission reduction to produce good social benefits

每個地方政府都會給生產性企業下達節能減排指標，部分高耗能企業無法完成，只能接受高額的罰款。安裝光伏電站可以完成節能減排能效，沒有地域限制，只需要在限制的屋頂上安裝一套光伏系統，就可以達到節能減排目標。無噪音、無輻射、無排放、無污染等多種優點，光伏發電已經成為中大型企業的必選配置。

Each local government will issue energy conservation and emission reduction targets to productive enterprises. Some energy-consuming enterprises cannot complete the targets and can only accept high fines. The installation of photovoltaic power stations can achieve energy efficiency of energy conservation and emission reduction. There is no geographical limit. Only one set of photovoltaic system needs to be installed on the restricted roof to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. With the advantages of no noise, no radiation, no emission, no pollution and so on, photovoltaic power generation has become a necessary configuration for large and medium-sized enterprises.

隔熱防寒，增加環境舒適性

Heat insulation and cold protection to increase environmental comfort

很多的生產性企業都是彩鋼瓦屋頂或者小平層，到了炎夏就需要高額的降溫成本。光伏板具有隔熱的功能，在屋頂上鋪上光伏組件后，可以有效地降低樓下廠房的溫度。可以讓樓下工人更加舒適的工作，生產設備也能平穩運行，間接降低了企業的空調、風扇和冰塊的降溫成本。

Many productive enterprises have colored steel tile roofs or small flat floors, which need high cooling costs in the hot summer. Photovoltaic panels have the function of heat insulation. After laying photovoltaic modules on the roof, the temperature of the downstairs workshop can be effectively reduced. It can make the workers downstairs work more comfortable, and the production equipment can also run smoothly, which indirectly reduces the cooling costs of the air conditioner, fan and ice.

工商業分布式光伏申請需提供的資料

Information to be provided for industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic applications

法人申請需提供：

Legal person application shall provide:

1、經辦人身份證復印件，法人委托書原件、法人代表身份證復印件；

1. A copy of the ID card of the handler, the original of the power of attorney of the legal person, and the copy of the ID card of the legal representative;

2、法人銀行卡正反面復印件；

2. Copy of front and back of corporate bank card;

3、項目前期工作相關資料（電氣接線圖、設備清單、主要設備說明書及認證資料、資質證書）；

3. Relevant data of the preliminary work of the project (electrical wiring diagram, equipment list, main equipment specification and certification data, qualification certificate);

4、投資方、每個用電方三證（組織機構代碼證、稅務登記證、營業執照）、土地證、房產證；

4. Three certificates (organization code certificate, tax registration certificate and business license), land certificate and house property certificate of the investor and each power user;

5、投資方如租賃（或使用）其他用戶屋頂所有者，使用合法或租賃協議（整租協議或分組合同／協議）項目合法性和支持性文件。

5. The investor, such as leasing (or using) the roof owner of other users, uses legal or leasing agreement (whole lease agreement or group contract/agreement) project legitimacy and supporting documents.

投資屋頂光伏需要注意的事項

Precautions for investment in rooftop PV

屋頂資源項目勘察

Roof resource project survey

分布式屋頂光伏勘察屬于項目的前期工作，通過實地勘察，搜集屋頂相關資料，為后續方案設計和投資收益分析做準備。實際的屋頂結構形式多樣，業主對屋頂光伏的可行性、裝機容量、投資收益、合作模式等問題也十分關注。

Distributed roof photovoltaic survey is the preliminary work of the project. Through field survey, collect roof-related data to prepare for the subsequent scheme design and investment income analysis. The actual roof structure forms are various, and the owner is also very concerned about the feasibility, installed capacity, investment income, cooperation mode and other issues of roof photovoltaic.

一、當地資源情況

1、 Local resources

分布式光伏選址應優先選擇太陽輻照量大、陰雨天氣少、污染程度小的地區。若企業靠近海邊，需考慮防鹽霧防腐蝕、抗臺風措施；企業所在地區沙塵大則需考慮防風沙和增加清洗的措施；若在寒冷地區則需要考慮防凍和除雪措施。

The location of distributed PV should give priority to the areas with large solar radiation, less rainy weather and low pollution. If the enterprise is close to the sea, it is necessary to consider salt spray, corrosion and typhoon prevention measures; If the area where the enterprise is located is dusty, it is necessary to consider measures to prevent wind and sand and increase cleaning; If it is in cold areas, antifreezing and snow removal measures need to be considered.

二、當地光伏扶持政策情況

2、 Local PV support policies

各地為了推動分布式光伏發展，紛紛出臺省級、市級甚至縣級的扶持政策。項目開發人員在項目開發前期需提前需熟悉這些政策，作為目前還需政府補貼發展的光伏產業，補貼政策的好壞直接影響了分布式的收益，因此當地政策好的分布式項目宜優先開發。

In order to promote the development of distributed photovoltaic, various regions have introduced provincial, municipal and even county-level support policies. Project developers need to be familiar with these policies in advance at the early stage of project development. As a photovoltaic industry that still needs government subsidies, the quality of the subsidy policy directly affects the distributed income. Therefore, distributed projects with good local policies should be developed first.

三、企業實力及所經營行業

3、 Enterprise strength and industry

光伏電站的壽命超過20年，在分布式電站開發時要考業主的存續，宜優先選擇企業實力強、行業前景好、企業經營規范、財務正規的業主合作。

The service life of photovoltaic power stations is more than 20 years. The survival of the owners should be considered in the development of distributed power stations. Priority should be given to the cooperation of owners with strong enterprise strength, good industry prospects, standardized enterprise operation and formal finance.

企業性質以國企、上市企業和外企為好，這些企業信用度高，在后期電費收繳、結算時一般均不存在問題。

The nature of enterprises is better than state-owned enterprises, listed enterprises and foreign enterprises. These enterprises have high credit rating and generally have no problems in the collection and settlement of electricity charges in the later period.

業主企業的經營行業對建設分布式光伏電站也有影響，若企業生產易燃易爆危險品、排放腐蝕性的氣體、排放大量煙塵等，都不適宜建設分布式光伏電站。

The operation industry of the owner enterprise also has an impact on the construction of distributed photovoltaic power stations. If the enterprise produces flammable and explosive dangerous goods, emits corrosive gases, and emits a large amount of smoke and dust, it is not suitable for the construction of distributed photovoltaic power stations.

電價高用電量大的工業、商業屋頂屬于好屋頂的資源，如大型的工業企業、商場等；其次是用電量不大、電價也不高的業主單位，如學校和醫院屋頂、市政樓堂館所、物流中心屋頂等。

Industrial and commercial roofs with high electricity price and large power consumption are the best roof resources, such as large industrial enterprises and shopping malls; The second is the owner units with low electricity consumption and low electricity price, such as the roofs of schools and hospitals, municipal buildings, and logistics centers.

四、建筑屋頂情況

4、 Building roof condition

建筑產權歸屬、設計使用壽命、材質、面積和朝向等也直接影響了分布式光伏電站是否可行及安裝量。

The ownership of building property, design service life, material, area and orientation also directly affect the feasibility and installation of distributed photovoltaic power stations.

建筑產權歸企業業主或當地政府所有，則適宜開發；租賃的廠房不適宜。同時工業廠房屋頂一般是彩鋼板，在項目開發時需了解屋頂能使用的年限，年限太短不適宜進行開發。

If the building property is owned by the enterprise owner or local government, it is suitable for development; The leased plant is not suitable. At the same time, the roof of industrial plant is generally made of color steel plate. During project development, it is necessary to know the service life of the roof. The service life is too short for development.

單個企業屋頂面積或屋頂總面積好不少于10000平方米的屋頂（約可安裝1MW）。同時踏勘時需量出屋頂方位角、屋頂傾斜角度和周圍遮擋物如女兒墻的高度，以便后期確定系統裝機量和發電量。

The roof area or total roof area of a single enterprise should be no less than 10000 square meters (about 1MW can be installed). At the same time, it is necessary to measure the roof azimuth angle, roof tilt angle and the height of the surrounding shelter, such as the parapet, so as to determine the installed capacity and power generation of the system in the later stage.

五、建筑屋面荷載

5、 Building roof load

屋面荷載分為恒荷載和可變荷載。

Roof load is divided into dead load and variable load.

恒荷載是指結構自重及灰塵荷載等，光伏電站需要運營25年，其自重屬于恒荷載。通常鋼結構廠房上裝光伏系統每平米會增加15公斤的重量，磚混結構廠房的屋頂每平米會增加80公斤的重量。在項目考察時，需要著重查看建筑設計說明中恒荷載的設計值，并落實除屋面自重外，是否額外增加其他荷載，如管道、吊置設備、屋面附屬物等，并落實恒荷載是否有裕量能夠安裝光伏電站。

Dead load refers to the dead weight of the structure and dust load, etc. The photovoltaic power station needs to operate for 25 years, and its dead weight belongs to dead load. Generally, the weight of the photovoltaic system installed on the steel structure plant will increase by 15 kg per square meter, and the weight of the roof of the brick-concrete structure plant will increase by 80 kg per square meter. During the project investigation, it is necessary to focus on the design value of the dead load in the architectural design description, and determine whether other loads are added in addition to the roof dead weight, such as pipes, suspended equipment, roof accessories, and determine whether there is margin for the dead load to install the photovoltaic power station.

可變荷載是考慮極限狀況下暫時施加于屋面的荷載，分為風荷載、雪荷載、地震荷載、活荷載等，是不可以占用的。特殊情況下，活荷載可以作為分擔光伏電站荷載的選項，但不可以占用過多，需要具體分析。

Variable load refers to the load temporarily imposed on the roof under the limit condition. It is divided into wind load, snow load, seismic load, live load, etc., and cannot be occupied. Under special circumstances, the live load can be used as an option to share the load of the photovoltaic power station, but it cannot occupy too much, which requires specific analysis.

在項目踏勘時，需要項目開發人員從業主方獲取房屋結構圖，便于計算屋頂荷載。

During the project survey, the project developer is required to obtain the house structure drawing from the owner to calculate the roof load.

六、屋頂支架型式

6、 Roof support type

建筑屋頂主要有彩鋼瓦、陶瓷瓦、鋼混等幾種，彩鋼瓦分為直立鎖邊型、咬口型型、卡扣型型、固定件連接型。前兩種需要專用轉接件，后兩種需要打孔固定；陶瓷瓦屋面可以使用專用轉接件，也可以不與屋面固定，利用自重和屋面坡度附著其上；鋼混結構屋面需要制作支架基礎，基礎與屋面可以生根也可以不生根，關鍵考慮屋面防水、抗風載能力、屋面設計荷載等因素。

The roof of the building mainly includes color steel tile, ceramic tile, steel concrete, etc. The color steel tile is divided into vertical locking type, bite type, buckle type, and fastener connection type. The first two need special adapters, and the latter two need to be punched and fixed; The ceramic tile roof can be attached to it by its own weight and roof slope without using special adapters or fixed with the roof; The steel-concrete structure roof needs to make a support foundation. The foundation and roof can take root or not. The key consideration is roof waterproof, wind load resistance, roof design load and other factors.

七、配電設施及并網點

7、 Distribution facilities and connection points

配電設備是光伏電站選擇并網方案的根據之一，主要考查內容有：

The power distribution equipment is one of the bases for selecting the grid-connected scheme of the photovoltaic power station, and the main contents of the examination include:

1）廠區變壓器容量、數量、母聯、負荷比例等；

1) Capacity, quantity, buscouple, load ratio, etc. of transformer in the plant;

2）廠區計量表位置、母排規格、開關規格型號等；

2) The location of the meter in the plant, the specification of the busbar, the specification and model of the switch, etc;

3）廠區是否配備獨立的配電室，是否配電設備是否有備用的間隔，如沒有是否可以壓接母排；

3) Whether the plant is equipped with an independent power distribution room, whether the power distribution equipment has a spare interval, and if not, whether the bus can be crimped;

4）優先選擇變壓器總容量大，負荷比例大的用戶；

4) Priority shall be given to users with large total transformer capacity and large load proportion;

5）查看進線總開關的容量，考慮收益問題，光伏發電系統的輸出電流不宜大于戶用開關的容量；

5) Check the capacity of the main switch of the incoming line. Considering the income, the output current of the photovoltaic power generation system should not be greater than the capacity of the household switch;

6）以走線方便節約的原則，考慮逆變器、并網柜的安裝位置。

6) In the principle of convenient and economical wiring, consider the installation position of inverter and grid-connected cabinet.

八、用戶用電量及用電價格

8、 Consumer electricity consumption and electricity price

分布式光伏發電項目重要的就是所發電量就地消耗，因此需要考察：

The most important thing of distributed photovoltaic power generation project is the local consumption of the generated energy. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate:

1）企業年、月、日均用電量，白天用電量、用電高峰時段及比例；

1) Average annual, monthly and daily electricity consumption of enterprises, daytime electricity consumption, peak hours and proportion of electricity consumption;

2）企業用電價格，白天用電加權價格。

2) The price of electricity used by enterprises is the weighted price of electricity used during the day.