分布式光伏發電作為一種就近利用太陽能資源的清潔能源解決方案，其核心理念在于“自發自用、余電上網”，即優先滿足用戶自身用電需求，多余電量則并入公共電網，從而實現能源的高效利用與資源優化配置。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation, as a clean energy solution that utilizes solar energy resources nearby, is based on the core concept of "spontaneous self use and surplus electricity grid connection", which prioritizes meeting users' own electricity needs and integrates surplus electricity into the public grid, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization and optimized resource allocation.

在應用場景方面，分布式光伏發電展現出極強的靈活性與適配性，尤其適用于用電需求集中且具備閑置空間資源的區域。

In terms of application scenarios, distributed photovoltaic power generation exhibits strong flexibility and adaptability, especially suitable for areas with concentrated electricity demand and idle space resources.

在工商業領域，工廠、商場等大型建筑的屋頂空間可通過安裝光伏發電系統直接為生產或運營供電，這種模式不僅能夠顯著降低企業用電成本，還能有效緩解高峰時段的電網負荷壓力，尤其對于高耗能企業而言，分布式光伏發電已成為其實現能源結構轉型與降本增效的重要途徑。

In the field of industry and commerce, the roof space of large buildings such as factories and shopping malls can be directly powered by installing photovoltaic power generation systems for production or operation. This model can not only significantly reduce the electricity cost of enterprises, but also effectively alleviate the load pressure on the power grid during peak hours. Especially for high energy consuming enterprises, distributed photovoltaic power generation has become an important way to achieve energy structure transformation and cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

在農業場景中，通過將光伏板架設在農田、大棚或魚塘上方，既可實現土地資源的復合利用，又能為農業生產提供穩定的清潔電力支持，形成“農光互補”“漁光互補”等創新模式，推動現代農業的可持續發展。

In agricultural scenarios, by installing photovoltaic panels above farmland, greenhouses, or fish ponds, it is possible to achieve the composite utilization of land resources and provide stable clean power support for agricultural production, forming innovative models such as "agricultural photovoltaic complementarity" and "fishery photovoltaic complementarity", and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

公共設施領域同樣具有巨大潛力，污水處理廠、垃圾處理站等市政設施可利用水池頂部或建筑屋頂鋪設光伏組件，在滿足自身高能耗需求的同時大幅減少碳排放，實現環境效益與經濟效益的雙贏。

The field of public facilities also has great potential. Municipal facilities such as sewage treatment plants and garbage treatment stations can use photovoltaic modules on the top of water tanks or building roofs to meet their own high energy consumption needs while significantly reducing carbon emissions, achieving a win-win situation of environmental and economic benefits.

此外，城市交通樞紐、市政設施（如充電樁、路燈等）也可通過搭載小型光伏系統，為日常運維提供綠色電力支持，進一步提升城市基礎設施的智能化與低碳化水平。值得注意的是，分布式光伏發電還能與生態修復工程緊密結合，例如在礦區復墾、鹽堿地治理等項目中，光伏系統的建設既可提供清潔能源，又能輔助改善生態環境，形成“光伏+生態”的綜合治理模式。對于新建或改造建筑而言，光伏組件還可集成于建筑外墻、幕墻等結構中，成為兼具發電功能與美學價值的建筑一體化材料（BIPV），推動綠色建筑的發展。

In addition, urban transportation hubs and municipal facilities (such as charging stations, street lights, etc.) can also provide green power support for daily operation and maintenance by installing small photovoltaic systems, further enhancing the intelligence and low-carbon level of urban infrastructure. It is worth noting that distributed photovoltaic power generation can also be closely integrated with ecological restoration projects. For example, in projects such as mining area reclamation and saline alkali land treatment, the construction of photovoltaic systems can provide clean energy and assist in improving the ecological environment, forming a comprehensive management model of "photovoltaic+ecology". For newly constructed or renovated buildings, photovoltaic modules can also be integrated into building exterior walls, curtain walls, and other structures, becoming a building integrated material (BIPV) that combines power generation and aesthetic value, promoting the development of green buildings.

分布式光伏發電的核心優勢主要體現在以下幾個方面：首先，其具有顯著的環保減碳效益，據統計，1千瓦光伏系統年發電量約為1200度，相當于減少燃煤400千克、降低二氧化碳排放1噸，對于實現“雙碳”目標具有重要意義；其次，分布式光伏能夠有效緩解電網壓力，通過就近發電、就近消納的方式減少長途輸電損耗，提升區域電網的穩定性與可靠性；

The core advantages of distributed photovoltaic power generation are mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, it has significant environmental and carbon reduction benefits. According to statistics, the annual power generation of a 1 kW photovoltaic system is about 1200 kWh, which is equivalent to reducing coal consumption by 400 kg and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1 ton. This is of great significance for achieving the "dual carbon" goal; Secondly, distributed photovoltaics can effectively alleviate the pressure on the power grid, reduce long-distance transmission losses through nearby power generation and consumption, and enhance the stability and reliability of regional power grids;

最后，其經濟性優勢尤為突出，在工商業領域，光伏發電的高峰時段與用電高峰高度重合，企業可通過自發自用大幅降低電費支出，例如中國能建中南院投資建設的北湖污水廠分布式光伏發電站，成功將污水處理廠的閑置空間轉化為能源生產基地，年發電量達2200萬度，年節省電費超千萬元，成為“水務+光伏”復合型基礎設施升級的典范。

Finally, its economic advantages are particularly prominent. In the industrial and commercial fields, the peak period of photovoltaic power generation coincides with the peak period of electricity consumption. Enterprises can significantly reduce their electricity bills through self use. For example, the distributed photovoltaic power station of Beihu Sewage Treatment Plant invested and constructed by China Energy Engineering Central South Institute has successfully transformed the idle space of the sewage treatment plant into an energy production base, with an annual power generation of 22 million kWh and an annual savings of over 10 million yuan in electricity bills. It has become a model for upgrading the "water+photovoltaic" composite infrastructure.

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