在全球積極探索可持續能源發展道路的當下，分布式光伏發電宛如一顆璀璨新星，在能源領域迅速崛起，正深刻改變著傳統的能源格局，為人類帶來清潔、高效且靈活的能源新選擇。?

At present, as the world actively explores the path of sustainable energy development, distributed photovoltaic power generation is like a brilliant new star, rapidly rising in the energy field and profoundly changing the traditional energy pattern, bringing clean, efficient, and flexible new energy choices to humanity. ?

分布式光伏發電的工作機制?

The working mechanism of distributed photovoltaic power generation

分布式光伏發電系統主要依托光電效應原理。在系統中，核心組件光伏電池組件宛如一個個能量收集器，當太陽光照射到其表面時，光子與電池內的半導體材料相互作用，激發出電子 - 空穴對。這些帶電粒子在電場作用下定向移動，從而產生直流電。例如常見的單晶硅、多晶硅以及非晶硅光伏電池組件，都能高效地將太陽能轉化為電能。產生的直流電隨后被傳輸至直流匯流箱，在這里，多路直流電進行匯總，再統一送入直流配電柜進行初步的電力分配與調控。接著，并網逆變器發揮關鍵作用，它將直流電逆變為與電網頻率、電壓相匹配的交流電，以供建筑自身負載使用。當發電量超過建筑自身用電需求時，多余電力便通過連接電網實現余電上網；反之，當發電量不足時，則從電網獲取電力補充，整個過程實現了發電用電的動態平衡調節。?

The distributed photovoltaic power generation system mainly relies on the principle of photoelectric effect. In the system, the core component photovoltaic cell module is like an energy harvester. When sunlight shines on its surface, photons interact with the semiconductor material inside the cell, exciting electron hole pairs. These charged particles move directionally under the action of an electric field, thereby generating direct current. For example, common monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules can efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy. The generated DC power is then transmitted to the DC combiner box, where multiple channels of DC power are combined and sent to the DC distribution cabinet for preliminary power distribution and regulation. Next, grid connected inverters play a crucial role by converting DC power into AC power that matches the frequency and voltage of the grid, for use by the building's own loads. When the power generation exceeds the building's own electricity demand, the excess electricity is connected to the grid to achieve grid connection; On the contrary, when the power generation is insufficient, it is supplemented by electricity from the power grid, and the entire process achieves dynamic balance regulation of power generation and consumption. ?

分布式光伏發電的顯著特性?

The significant characteristics of distributed photovoltaic power generation

小型化與靈活性：與動輒兆瓦級的大型集中式光伏電站不同，分布式光伏發電項目規模通常較小，常見的戶用分布式光伏發電系統容量可能僅在幾千瓦，而工商業分布式光伏發電項目一般也在數兆瓦以內。?

Miniaturization and flexibility: Unlike large centralized photovoltaic power plants that often reach the megawatt level, distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are usually smaller in scale. The capacity of common household distributed photovoltaic power generation systems may only be a few kilowatts, while industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are generally within a few megawatts. ?

環保清潔無虞：在整個發電過程中，分布式光伏發電不涉及任何化石燃料的燃燒，因此不會產生諸如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、顆粒物等大氣污染物，也不會排放溫室氣體二氧化碳，對空氣和水均無任何污染，從源頭上踐行了綠色環保理念。以一個裝機容量為 10 千瓦的戶用分布式光伏發電系統為例，假設其年發電量為 12000 度，與同等發電量的火電相比，每年可減少約 9.6 噸二氧化碳排放，相當于種植了約 500 棵成年樹木的碳匯效果。?

Environmentally friendly and clean: Throughout the entire power generation process, distributed photovoltaic power generation does not involve the combustion of any fossil fuels, so it does not produce air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, etc., nor does it emit greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. It has no pollution to air and water, and practices the concept of green environmental protection from the source. Taking a household distributed photovoltaic power generation system with an installed capacity of 10 kilowatts as an example, assuming its annual power generation is 12000 kilowatt hours, compared with the same amount of thermal power generation, it can reduce about 9.6 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year, which is equivalent to the carbon sequestration effect of planting about 500 adult trees. ?

用電模式多元化：分布式光伏發電具有獨特的 “自發自用、余電上網” 模式。對于用戶而言，白天光伏發電產生的電能優先滿足自身生產生活用電需求，減少了對電網電力的依賴，有效降低了用電成本。而在用電低谷期產生的多余電量，則可輸送至電網，為其他用戶供電，用戶還能因此獲得相應的電費收益。這種發電用電并存的模式，既提升了能源利用效率，又為用戶創造了額外的經濟價值。

Diversified electricity consumption modes: Distributed photovoltaic power generation has a unique "spontaneous self use, surplus electricity grid connection" mode. For users, the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation during the day prioritizes meeting their own production and living electricity needs, reducing their dependence on grid electricity and effectively reducing electricity costs. The excess electricity generated during periods of low electricity consumption can be transmitted to the grid to supply power to other users, who can also receive corresponding electricity revenue as a result. This mode of coexistence of power generation and electricity consumption not only improves energy utilization efficiency, but also creates additional economic value for users.

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