什么是分布式光伏電站？

　　What is a distributed photovoltaic power station?

　　分布式光伏電站通常是指利用分散式資源，裝機規模較小的、布置在用戶附近的光伏發電系統，它一般接入低于35千伏或更低電壓等級的電網。分布式光伏電站包括屋頂電站、光伏建筑一體化、農光互補、漁光互補等。和我們普通居民相關的主要是家庭分布式光伏電站，其特點是安裝容量小、流程簡單、收益穩定，也是國家補貼相對高的一種分布式光伏發電系統。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants usually refer to photovoltaic power generation systems that utilize decentralized resources, have small installed capacity, and are arranged near users. They are generally connected to power grids with voltage levels below 35 kV or lower. Distributed photovoltaic power stations include rooftop power stations, photovoltaic building integration, agricultural photovoltaic complementarity, fishery photovoltaic complementarity, etc. The main ones related to ordinary residents are household distributed photovoltaic power plants, which are characterized by small installation capacity, simple process, stable income, and are also a type of distributed photovoltaic power generation system with relatively high national subsidies.

　　安裝光伏電站要花多少錢？占多大面積？

　　How much does it cost to install a photovoltaic power station? What is the area occupied?

　　以北京地區為例，裝機容量5kW的電站，平均全年每天發電20度左右，占地面積約40-50平方米，投資金額約為5萬元。

　　Taking Beijing as an example, a power station with an installed capacity of 5kW generates an average of about 20 kWh of electricity per day throughout the year, covering an area of about 40-50 square meters and with an investment of about 50000 yuan.

　　10kW電站平均每天發電42度左右，占地面積100平方米左右，投資金額約為10萬。

　　The 10kW power station generates an average of about 42 kWh of electricity per day, covers an area of about 100 square meters, and has an investment amount of approximately 100000 yuan.

　　居民光伏系統一般根據屋頂面積設計光伏發電系統，裝機容量3-10kW，投資大概需要3-10萬元。

　　Residential photovoltaic systems are generally designed based on the roof area, with an installed capacity of 3-10kW and an investment of approximately 30000 to 100000 yuan.

　　補貼有多少？

　　How much is the subsidy?

　　● 分布式補貼

　　● Distributed subsidies

　　2017年，國家對分布式光伏電站的補貼是每度電0.42元，補貼年限20年。地方上也有補貼，各地補貼政策不同，補貼年限3-5年不等，具體可以咨詢當地電網公司。

　　In 2017, the national subsidy for distributed photovoltaic power plants was 0.42 yuan per kilowatt hour, with a subsidy period of 20 years. There are also subsidies at the local level, and the subsidy policies vary from place to place, with subsidy periods ranging from 3-5 years. For specific details, please consult the local power grid company.

　　● 光伏標桿電價上網補貼

　　● Grid subsidy for benchmark photovoltaic electricity prices

　　2017年，光伏電站上網標桿電價調整為為一類地區每度0.65元，二類地區0.75元，三類地區0.85元。標桿電價較2016年有所下調，以下是對比表。

　　In 2017, the benchmark electricity price for photovoltaic power stations was adjusted to 0.65 yuan per kilowatt hour in Class I areas, 0.75 yuan per kilowatt hour in Class II areas, and 0.85 yuan per kilowatt hour in Class III areas. The benchmark electricity price has been lowered compared to 2016. The following is a comparison table.

　　誰付錢給我？

　　Who will pay me?

　　家用光伏電站業主的補貼款由國家的可再生能源發展基金支付，并由電網企業轉付。所以補貼收益由電網轉給業主，具體方式各地略有區別。一般情況下電網會記錄業主的銀行卡號，定期往銀行卡里發放補貼，一個季度或半年發放一次。

　　The subsidy for household photovoltaic power plant owners is paid by the national renewable energy development fund and transferred by the power grid enterprise. So the subsidy income is transferred from the power grid to the owners, and the specific methods vary slightly in different regions. In general, the power grid will record the owner's bank card number and regularly distribute subsidies to the bank card once a quarter or half a year.

　　每年能賺多少錢？

　　How much money can you earn every year?

　　分布式光伏電站的年收益率一般在10%以上，根據各地補貼政策、光照氣候及自發自用比例有所不同。

　　The annual yield of distributed photovoltaic power plants is generally above 10%, which varies depending on local subsidy policies, lighting climate, and the proportion of self use.

　　以北京為例，自發自用余電上網模式下，度電補貼收益為0.72元/度（其中國家補貼0.42元，市縣補貼0.3元）；全額上網模式下度電補貼收益為1.05元/度（其中北京市光伏發電標桿上網電價為0.75元，市縣補貼0.3元）。

　　Taking Beijing as an example, under the self use surplus electricity grid connection mode, the subsidy income per kilowatt hour is 0.72 yuan (including a national subsidy of 0.42 yuan and a city county subsidy of 0.3 yuan); Under the full grid connection mode, the subsidy income per kilowatt hour is 1.05 yuan (including a benchmark grid electricity price of 0.75 yuan for photovoltaic power generation in Beijing and a subsidy of 0.3 yuan for cities and counties).

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