節(jié)能減排的大背景下，光伏發(fā)電成為未來(lái)發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)的必然趨勢(shì)。光伏產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量逐年增加，據(jù)我國(guó)光伏行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)逐漸走向成熟化，緊跟未來(lái)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步良性、持續(xù)發(fā)展，并逐步向產(chǎn)業(yè)化、規(guī)模化發(fā)展。光伏產(chǎn)品技術(shù)水平的不斷提高、成本的不斷下降將愈發(fā)成為企業(yè)的追求。但技術(shù)的進(jìn)步仍是我國(guó)未來(lái)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)。鞏固、發(fā)展光伏技術(shù)在我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)的領(lǐng)先，以?xún)?yōu)質(zhì)的光伏技術(shù)打開(kāi)新能源發(fā)展的大門(mén)，迎接新一輪全新的復(fù)興與發(fā)展。

　　Against the backdrop of energy conservation and emission reduction, photovoltaic power generation has become an inevitable trend for the future development of the industry. The output of photovoltaic products has been increasing year by year. According to statistics from the China Photovoltaic Industry Association, new energy photovoltaic power generation technology is gradually maturing, closely following the further healthy and sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry in the future, and gradually moving towards industrialization and scale development. The continuous improvement of photovoltaic product technology and the continuous reduction of costs will become increasingly the pursuit of enterprises. But technological progress remains the main goal for the future development of China's photovoltaic industry. Consolidate and develop the leading position of photovoltaic technology in China's power generation industry, open the door to the development of new energy with high-quality photovoltaic technology, and welcome a new round of rejuvenation and development.

　　1新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)的重要性

　　The Importance of New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology

　　所謂新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)，顧名思義，就是基于新發(fā)展理念下，在新能源框架下發(fā)展起來(lái)的，利用光能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的發(fā)電技術(shù)。在當(dāng)下，新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)，在我國(guó)北方和西部地區(qū)，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)一定的嘗試與探索，并在一定地域內(nèi)進(jìn)入到大眾的家庭使用中，在替代傳統(tǒng)火力發(fā)電技術(shù)的同時(shí)，也為家庭產(chǎn)生了一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)在滿足家庭自用的同時(shí)，多余出來(lái)的電力可以被發(fā)電廠以一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)格所回收)，但以全國(guó)的分布來(lái)看，新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)，在我國(guó)的市場(chǎng)前景和發(fā)展的潛力還是巨大的，未來(lái)若是能解決一些技術(shù)瓶頸，被推廣開(kāi)來(lái)，對(duì)于我國(guó)的能源發(fā)展進(jìn)程，將具有里程碑式的重要意義。

　　The so-called new energy photovoltaic power generation technology, as the name suggests, is a power generation technology developed under the framework of new energy based on the new development concept, which utilizes light energy to convert into electrical energy. At present, new energy photovoltaic power generation technology has made certain attempts and explorations in northern and western regions of China, and has entered the public's household use in certain areas. While replacing traditional thermal power generation technology, it has also generated certain economic benefits for households (new energy photovoltaic power generation technology can meet household self use while the excess electricity can be recovered by power plants at a certain economic price). However, from a national distribution perspective, the market prospects and development potential of new energy photovoltaic power generation technology in China are still enormous. If some technical bottlenecks can be solved in the future and promoted, it will have milestone significance for China's energy development process.

　　2新能源光伏發(fā)電現(xiàn)狀

　　Current situation of new energy photovoltaic power generation

　　2.1設(shè)施不完善

　　2.1 Inadequate Facilities

　　新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善的問(wèn)題。在我國(guó)已經(jīng)普及新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)的地區(qū)，雖然家庭自用電量已經(jīng)得到充分的滿足，但是對(duì)于家庭自用電量以外的光伏發(fā)電量卻沒(méi)有做到有效的收集與利用，這雖然在一定程度上緩解了這一地區(qū)的“缺電”傳統(tǒng)，但是在某些方面卻違背了新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)的推廣“初衷”，不利于新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)的深層次推廣，因而是值得改進(jìn)的問(wèn)題之一。

　　The problem of inadequate infrastructure for new energy photovoltaic power generation technology. In areas where new energy photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely popularized in China, although household electricity consumption has been fully met, effective collection and utilization of photovoltaic power generation beyond household electricity consumption has not been achieved. Although this has alleviated the traditional "power shortage" in this region to some extent, it violates the "original intention" of promoting new energy photovoltaic power generation technology in some aspects and is not conducive to the deep promotion of new energy photovoltaic power generation technology. Therefore, it is one of the problems worthy of improvement.

　　2.2產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩

　　2.2 Overcapacity

　　對(duì)于我國(guó)的光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)講，在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷了由市場(chǎng)需求巨大到整個(gè)行業(yè)聚集效應(yīng)凸顯的過(guò)程，而且已經(jīng)過(guò)渡到了供過(guò)于求甚至是產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的階段。在我國(guó)范圍內(nèi)，多個(gè)地區(qū)都進(jìn)行了新能源、熱光輻、熱發(fā)電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)，許多光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)逐漸投產(chǎn)并且持續(xù)運(yùn)行，在實(shí)際發(fā)展過(guò)程中，光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的現(xiàn)象，隨著光伏建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量增多變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。伴隨著這種現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，我國(guó)政府已經(jīng)針對(duì)所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了控制，為了保證光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展，通過(guò)相關(guān)政策調(diào)整以及經(jīng)濟(jì)手段控制等起到了一定效果但是仍然未能實(shí)現(xiàn)根本上的改變。

　　For China's photovoltaic industry, it has gone through a long-term development process from huge market demand to the prominent clustering effect of the entire industry, and has transitioned to a stage of oversupply or even overcapacity. In China, multiple regions have carried out the construction of new energy, thermal radiation, and thermal power generation infrastructure. Many photovoltaic power generation projects have gradually been put into operation and continue to operate. In the actual development process, the phenomenon of overcapacity in photovoltaic power generation projects has become increasingly serious with the increase in the number of photovoltaic construction projects. With the emergence of this phenomenon, the Chinese government has taken measures to control the related problems. In order to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the photovoltaic industry, relevant policy adjustments and economic measures have played a certain role, but fundamental changes have still not been achieved.

　　2.3多晶硅制造技術(shù)不夠成熟

　　2.3 Polycrystalline silicon manufacturing technology is not mature enough

　　光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的整體發(fā)展水平仍然處于較低的層次，新能源光伏發(fā)電過(guò)程中需要的多晶硅技術(shù)大多數(shù)都被外國(guó)所掌握，這些國(guó)家在該技術(shù)的研發(fā)以及創(chuàng)新方面都比較成熟，所以新能源光伏發(fā)電過(guò)程中，多晶硅的質(zhì)量比較高，產(chǎn)生的能耗也會(huì)比較少，不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞。在新能源發(fā)電設(shè)備生產(chǎn)量不斷激增的過(guò)程中，新能源發(fā)電設(shè)備當(dāng)中的主要原料也就是多晶硅的需求數(shù)量不斷提升，但因?yàn)槲覈?guó)的技術(shù)相對(duì)來(lái)講并不是非常成熟，而且門(mén)檻也比較高，所以多晶硅的產(chǎn)量得不到提升，這不僅導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)前多晶硅制造過(guò)程中消耗大量的能源，同時(shí)，對(duì)環(huán)境也造成了一定程度的污染。

　　The overall development level of the photovoltaic industry is still at a relatively low level, and most of the polycrystalline silicon technology required in the process of new energy photovoltaic power generation is mastered by foreign countries. These countries are relatively mature in the research and innovation of this technology. Therefore, in the process of new energy photovoltaic power generation, the quality of polycrystalline silicon is relatively high, the energy consumption generated is also relatively low, and it will not cause damage to the environment. In the process of the continuous surge in production of new energy power generation equipment, the demand for polysilicon, the main raw material in new energy power generation equipment, is constantly increasing. However, due to the relatively immature technology and high threshold in China, the production of polysilicon cannot be increased. This not only leads to the consumption of a large amount of energy in the current polysilicon manufacturing process, but also causes a certain degree of pollution to the environment.

　　3新能源光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)應(yīng)用

　　Application of New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology

　　3.1光伏玻璃

　　3.1 Photovoltaic Glass

　　光伏發(fā)電層位于透光抗滑保護(hù)層之下，以確保光伏發(fā)電結(jié)構(gòu)不受車(chē)輛動(dòng)力荷載的破壞，保證路面發(fā)電工作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。它主要結(jié)構(gòu)包括：光伏發(fā)電板、控制器、蓄電池及各種輔助材料。太陽(yáng)能電池組件(也叫太陽(yáng)能電池板)是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的核心部分，也是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中最重要的部分。透過(guò)透光混凝土在陽(yáng)光下的作業(yè)，利用光電效應(yīng)原理將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，在電路的傳送下通過(guò)蓄電池控制器作用傳送至蓄電池、附近基站進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)電，或是推動(dòng)負(fù)載工作，這就是光伏發(fā)電板的發(fā)電結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　The photovoltaic power generation layer is located below the transparent anti slip protection layer to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation structure is not damaged by vehicle dynamic loads and to ensure the continuous operation of road power generation work. Its main structure includes photovoltaic panels, controllers, batteries, and various auxiliary materials. Solar cell modules (also known as solar panels) are the core and most important part of photovoltaic power generation systems. Through the operation of transparent concrete under sunlight, the principle of photoelectric effect is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is transmitted through the circuit to the battery and nearby base stations for storage or to drive the load. This is the power generation structure of photovoltaic panels.

　　3.2儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)

　　3.2 Energy storage technology

　　新能源行業(yè)特別是風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電受外部環(huán)境的變化輸出功率呈現(xiàn)出間歇性和波動(dòng)性，儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)可解決發(fā)電中棄風(fēng)棄光、平滑輸出、跟蹤出力并可參與電網(wǎng)調(diào)頻的業(yè)務(wù)，在國(guó)家的政策指導(dǎo)下各地發(fā)布了輔助調(diào)頻、新能源發(fā)電的相關(guān)政策，促進(jìn)了儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)商業(yè)化的步伐;國(guó)內(nèi)儲(chǔ)能行業(yè)處于發(fā)展階段，相關(guān)的政策法規(guī)需進(jìn)一步完善;儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)的引入可以改善新能源發(fā)電的性質(zhì)、可持續(xù)供電和系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，行業(yè)對(duì)太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電中儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)的分析、研究和應(yīng)用尚處于發(fā)展初期，相關(guān)技術(shù)還不成熟和完善，應(yīng)用容量較小，對(duì)大規(guī)模光伏電站和風(fēng)電站的應(yīng)用有限。而隨著新能源發(fā)電系統(tǒng)規(guī)模的不斷增加，儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)在新能源發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用日益受到關(guān)注。

　　The new energy industry, especially wind and solar power generation, exhibits intermittency and volatility in output power due to changes in the external environment. Energy storage technology can solve the problems of wind and solar power abandonment, smooth output, tracking output, and participate in grid frequency regulation. Under the guidance of national policies, various regions have issued relevant policies for auxiliary frequency regulation and new energy power generation, promoting the commercialization of energy storage technology; The domestic energy storage industry is in the development stage, and relevant policies and regulations need to be further improved; The introduction of energy storage technology can improve the properties of new energy generation, sustainable power supply, and system stability. The industry's analysis, research, and application of energy storage technology in solar power generation are still in the early stages of development, and related technologies are not yet mature and perfect. The application capacity is small, and its application to large-scale photovoltaic and wind power plants is limited. With the continuous increase in the scale of new energy generation systems, the application of energy storage technology in new energy generation systems is receiving increasing attention.

　　3.3風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的低壓飛行技術(shù)

　　3.3 Low voltage flight technology of wind turbines

　　低壓輸電(LVT)無(wú)疑是風(fēng)電技術(shù)中的一項(xiàng)重要技術(shù)。當(dāng)風(fēng)電機(jī)組的輸出電壓除LVT外均降低時(shí)，風(fēng)區(qū)的風(fēng)電機(jī)組會(huì)出現(xiàn)雪崩，最終導(dǎo)致整個(gè)正風(fēng)區(qū)癱瘓，危害電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。因此，現(xiàn)在必須對(duì)風(fēng)電機(jī)組進(jìn)行低電壓設(shè)計(jì)，以減輕低電壓對(duì)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)安全運(yùn)行的威脅。為了保證低壓風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的生存能力，在設(shè)計(jì)電壓的基礎(chǔ)上，使風(fēng)機(jī)在受到?jīng)_擊、SVG等壓力的地區(qū)的輸出電壓能迅速恢復(fù)到正常水平，從而保證低壓風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的生存能力。

　　Low voltage transmission (LVT) is undoubtedly an important technology in wind power technology. When the output voltage of wind turbines decreases except for LVT, the wind turbines in the wind zone will experience an avalanche, ultimately leading to the paralysis of the entire positive wind zone and endangering the stability of the power system. Therefore, it is now necessary to carry out low-voltage design for wind turbines to mitigate the threat of low voltage to the safe operation of wind farms. In order to ensure the survival capability of low-voltage wind turbines, based on the design voltage, the output voltage of the wind turbine in areas subjected to impact, SVG and other pressures can be quickly restored to normal levels, thereby ensuring the survival capability of low-voltage wind turbines.

　　3.4太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電技術(shù)

　　3.4 Solar power generation technology

　　太陽(yáng)輻射其實(shí)是地球上重要的能源。太陽(yáng)的能量不斷地釋放到地球上，每秒鐘釋放的能量相當(dāng)于500萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。太陽(yáng)能電池通常分為晶體硅太陽(yáng)能電池、薄膜太陽(yáng)能電池、復(fù)合薄膜太陽(yáng)能電池、半導(dǎo)體有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池和聚光器太陽(yáng)能電池。利用好太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電技術(shù)，亦可節(jié)約不可再生資源的開(kāi)發(fā)以及環(huán)境保護(hù)。

　　Solar radiation is actually an important energy source on Earth. The energy of the sun is constantly released onto the earth, and the energy released every second is equivalent to 5 million tons of standard coal. Solar cells are usually divided into crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film solar cells, composite thin-film solar cells, semiconductor organic solar cells, and concentrator solar cells. Making good use of solar power generation technology can also save on the development of non renewable resources and environmental protection.

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