太陽能光伏發電和光熱發電是利用太陽能進行能源轉換的兩種不同技術。它們的區別主要在于能量轉換的方式和應用領域上有所不同。

　　Solar photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation are two different technologies that utilize solar energy for energy conversion. Their differences mainly lie in the ways of energy conversion and the different application fields.

　　能量轉換方式：

　　Energy conversion method:

　　光伏發電：光伏發電利用太陽能將光能直接轉化為電能。通過光伏效應，光線照射到光伏電池上時，會激發出電子，形成電流。

　　Photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic power generation utilizes solar energy to directly convert light energy into electricity. Through the photovoltaic effect, when light shines on a photovoltaic cell, it will excite electrons and form an electric current.

　　光熱發電：光熱發電利用太陽能將光能轉化為熱能，然后再將熱能轉化為電能。通過聚光技術或反射技術，將太陽光集中到一個熱載體上，使其溫度升高，進而驅動液體或氣體在熱機中產生蒸汽或工作介質，驅動渦輪發電機發電。

　　Photothermal power generation: Photothermal power generation uses solar energy to convert light energy into thermal energy, and then converts thermal energy into electrical energy. By using spotlight technology or reflection technology, sunlight is concentrated on a heat carrier, causing its temperature to rise, which in turn drives liquids or gases to generate steam or working media in the heat engine, driving a turbine generator to generate electricity.

　　設備構成與效率：

　　Equipment composition and efficiency:

　　光伏發電：光伏發電系統包括光伏電池板、支架、逆變器等。光伏電池板的轉換效率較高，一般在15%到20%之間，但在特定光照條件下，效率可能會更高。

　　Photovoltaic power generation: The photovoltaic power generation system includes photovoltaic panels, brackets, inverters, etc. The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels is relatively high, generally between 15% and 20%, but under specific lighting conditions, the efficiency may be higher.

　　光熱發電：光熱發電系統包括反射器、聚光器、熔鹽儲熱系統等。光熱發電的效率取決于吸收、轉換和利用光能的效率，一般能達到30%以上。

　　Photothermal power generation: Photothermal power generation systems include reflectors, condensers, molten salt thermal storage systems, etc. The efficiency of photothermal power generation depends on the efficiency of absorbing, converting, and utilizing light energy, generally reaching over 30%.

　　應用領域：

　　Application field:

　　光伏發電：光伏發電主要應用于分布式發電和大規模的光伏電站，可以直接將電能供應給用戶或納入電網。

　　Photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic power generation is mainly used in distributed power generation and large-scale photovoltaic power stations, which can directly supply electricity to users or integrate it into the grid.

　　光熱發電：光熱發電主要應用于集中式發電，適合用于大規模的發電站，并有能力在太陽不直接照射時儲存熱能以供后續使用。

　　Photothermal power generation: Photothermal power generation is mainly used for centralized power generation, suitable for large-scale power plants, and has the ability to store heat energy for subsequent use when the sun is not directly shining.