There are still many risks in the construction and operation of photovoltaic power stations. The main risks faced by photovoltaic power plants throughout their entire lifecycle are:

01 場地風險

01 Site Risk

分布式光伏電站的建設場地比較復雜，通常有荒地、廢礦沉降區場地、建筑屋頂、水面等。廢礦區建設場地的下沉、建筑屋頂的荷載等風險都需要在投資建設時進行了解和在項目前期有效規避。

The construction site of distributed photovoltaic power stations is relatively complex, usually including wasteland, abandoned mine settlement areas, building roofs, water surfaces, etc. The subsidence of the construction site in the waste mining area, the load on the building roof, and other risks need to be understood during investment and effectively avoided in the early stages of the project.

02 場地產權風險

02 Property Rights Risks of the Site

分布式光伏有很多是采用場地租賃或通過合作等方式建設的，不能辦理產權證，在長達20多年的運營周期內，建設場地或建筑屋頂的歸屬權變化都會產生產權或使用權持久性等企業信用風險，易產生糾紛。特別是房主、廠房租賃戶一旦發生變化，其屋頂租賃、所發電力的消納等情況都有可能發生較大的變化，對于自發自用或自發自用、余電上網的電站產生消納和并網接入風險等。

Many distributed photovoltaics are built through site leasing or cooperation, and cannot obtain property rights certificates. Over a 20 year operating cycle, changes in ownership of the construction site or building roof can result in corporate credit risks such as property or usage rights persistence, which can easily lead to disputes. Especially if homeowners and factory tenants change, there may be significant changes in their roof leasing, electricity consumption, and other situations, which may pose risks to the consumption and grid connection of power stations that are self used or self used, or have surplus electricity connected to the grid.

03 電網結構變化帶來的并網風險

03 Grid connection risks brought about by changes in grid structure

由于目前我國發電主體是以煤熱電為主，慣性大，與光伏、風電調峰、調度的響應速度慢。同時，隨著大量工商業屋頂電站，居民戶分布式光伏發電的建設并大量接入用戶側電網，會對用戶側電網產生電網電壓偏高、波動增加、光伏逆變器應過壓跳閘導致無法正常發電和用戶電器損壞等風險。因此，如何把握可再生能源并網風險，將成為電網需要研究的重要課題。

Due to the current dominance of coal thermal power generation in China, which has a large inertia, the response speed to photovoltaic, wind power peak shaving, and scheduling is slow. At the same time, with the construction of a large number of industrial and commercial rooftop power plants, distributed photovoltaic power generation for residential households, and a large number of connections to the user side power grid, there will be risks such as high grid voltage, increased fluctuations, overvoltage tripping of photovoltaic inverters, and inability to generate electricity normally, as well as damage to user electrical appliances. Therefore, how to grasp the risks of renewable energy grid connection will become an important topic that the power grid needs to study.

04 電價風險

04 Electricity Price Risk

隨著可再生能源發電的發展，電價波動或降價的風險也是存在的，盡管電價降價的風險比較小，但是這種風險始終存在。

With the development of renewable energy generation, there is also a risk of price fluctuations or price reductions. Although the risk of price reductions is relatively small, this risk always exists.

05 電站設備質量和壽命風險

05 Power Station Equipment Quality and Life Risk

盡管光伏發電站的主要設備性能和壽命都能滿足20年以上的使用壽命但是一些組件和逆變器等設備依舊存在短時期損壞的問題，特別是一些個別廠家生產的設備有比較嚴重的質量問題，很難達到預期的使用壽命。

Although the main equipment performance and lifespan of photovoltaic power stations can meet a service life of more than 20 years, some components and inverters still suffer from short-term damage, especially some equipment produced by individual manufacturers with serious quality problems, making it difficult to achieve the expected service life.

06 自然災害風險

06 Natural Disaster Risk

光伏發電站投資較大，投資回報周期長，受到自然災害等不確定因素的干擾風險較大，光伏發電站的安全穩定和高效運行是確保投資回收的關鍵，光伏發電站安裝在曠野、屋頂等場所，使用環境相對惡劣，雷電、颶風、洪水、冰雹、雪災等等不可抗的自然災害都會給光伏發電帶來組件破損、支架傾倒等巨大的損壞。

Photovoltaic power stations have a large investment and a long investment return cycle, and are at high risk of interference from uncertain factors such as natural disasters. The safe, stable, and efficient operation of photovoltaic power stations is crucial to ensuring investment recovery. Photovoltaic power stations are installed in open fields, rooftops, and other places, and the operating environment is relatively harsh. Irresistible natural disasters such as lightning, hurricanes, floods, hail, and snow can cause component damage to photovoltaic power generation Massive damage such as bracket tilting.

07 運行事故風險

07 Risk of operational accidents

光伏發電站在運營中還有很多運營事故風險，盡管光伏發電站建成后，運維費用相對較少，但是它所面臨的風險依舊存在。熱斑、接頭接觸不良，輕則導致電路、設備損壞，嚴重的會導致嚴重的火災事故，造成重大的經濟損失。

There are still many operational accident risks in the operation of photovoltaic power stations. Although the operation and maintenance costs are relatively low after the completion of photovoltaic power stations, the risks they face still exist. Hot spots and poor contact of joints can cause damage to circuits and equipment, and in severe cases, can lead to serious fire accidents and significant economic losses.